double gaussDensity = ProbabilityUtils.getGaussDensity(zstar); double ua = get_uPTa(astar) - param.getWeightCrash() * gaussDensity * za; // U'(a) double uaa = get_uPTaa(astar) + param.getWeightCrash() * gaussDensity * zstar * za * za; // U'(a) gaussDensity = ProbabilityUtils.getGaussDensity(zstar);