In my opinion the best way to go is using the simplest solution. That said, PhoneStateListener will do exactly what you want - detect call event in background:

public class IncomingCallReciever extends BroadcastReceiver {

    private Context mContext;
    private Intent mIntent;

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        mContext = context;
        mIntent = intent;
        TelephonyManager tm = (TelephonyManager) context.getSystemService(Context.TELEPHONY_SERVICE);
        int events = PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CALL_STATE;
        tm.listen(phoneStateListener, events);
    }

    private final PhoneStateListener phoneStateListener = new PhoneStateListener() {
        @Override
        public void onCallStateChanged(int state, String incomingNumber) {
            String callState = "UNKNOWN";
            switch (state) {
            case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_IDLE:
                callState = "IDLE";
                break;
            case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_RINGING:
                // -- check international call or not.
                if (incomingNumber.startsWith("00")) {
                    Toast.makeText(mContext,"International Call- " + incomingNumber,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    callState = "International - Ringing (" + incomingNumber+ ")";
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(mContext, "Local Call - " + incomingNumber, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    callState = "Local - Ringing (" + incomingNumber + ")";
                }
                break;
            case TelephonyManager.CALL_STATE_OFFHOOK:
                String dialingNumber = mIntent.getStringExtra(Intent.EXTRA_PHONE_NUMBER);
                if (dialingNumber.startsWith("00")) {
                    Toast.makeText(mContext,"International - " + dialingNumber,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    callState = "International - Dialing (" + dialingNumber+ ")";
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(mContext, "Local Call - " + dialingNumber,Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    callState = "Local - Dialing (" + dialingNumber + ")";
                }
                break;
            }
            Log.i(">>>Broadcast", "onCallStateChanged " + callState);
            super.onCallStateChanged(state, incomingNumber);
        }
    };

}

To access the states, you need to declare the permissions in manifest file:

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"/>

It is pretty amazing what PhoneStateListener.LISTEN_CALL_STATE do, practically making it much easier than thought at first sight, because it provide you all you need to monitor call events.

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to get the text from the EditText use

String message = yourEdit.getText().toString();

To send the message to another activity use the bundle, which is included in the intent

Intent intent = new Intent(this, targetActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("KEY_TO_IDENTIFY_MESSAGE", message);
startActivity(intent);

In targetActivity.class call getIntent()

Intent intent = getIntent();
String message = intent.getStringExtra("KEY_TO_IDENTIFY_MESSAGE");

To send the message to your friend you have to connect to the FacebookAPI

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read the section to ArrayAdapter.

For the solution you have to add the marked information to your NoteItem class and the check the getters in the adapter as well (add them to your class)

You need to write your own custom adapter.

public class MainActivity extends ListActivity {

private static final int EDITOR_ACTIVITY_REQUEST = 1001;
private NotesDataSource datasource;
List<NoteItem> notesList;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    datasource = new NotesDataSource(this);

    refreshDisplay();

}

private void refreshDisplay() {
    notesList= datasource.findAll();
    ArrayAdapter<NoteItem> adapter =
            new CustomAdapter(this, R.layout.custom_layout, notesList);
    setListAdapter(adapter);
}

@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

    // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
    getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
    return true;
}

@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {

    if (item.getItemId() == R.id.action_create) {
     createNote();  
    }

    return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}

private void createNote() {

    NoteItem note = NoteItem.getNew();
 Intent intent = new Intent(this, NoteEditorActivity.class);
 intent.putExtra("key", note.getKey());
 intent.putExtra("text", note.getText());
 startActivityForResult(intent, EDITOR_ACTIVITY_REQUEST);
}

@Override
protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
    NoteItem note = notesList.get(position);
     Intent intent = new Intent(this, NoteEditorActivity.class);
     intent.putExtra("key", note.getKey());
     intent.putExtra("text", note.getText());
     startActivityForResult(intent, EDITOR_ACTIVITY_REQUEST);

}

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    if (requestCode == EDITOR_ACTIVITY_REQUEST && resultCode == RESULT_OK ) {
        NoteItem note = new NoteItem();
        note.setKey(data.getStringExtra("key"));
        note.setText(data.getStringExtra("text"));
        datasource.update(note);
        refreshDisplay();
    }
}

private class CustomAdapter extend ArrayAdapter<NoteItem> {

    private int mResourceId;
    private List<NoteItem> mData;

    public CustomAdapter(Context context, int resourceId, List<NoteItem> data) {
       super(context, resourceId, data);
       mResourceId = resourceId;
       mData = data;
    }

     @Override
     public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        NoteItem item = mData.get(position);        

        if (convertView == null) {
            convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(resourceId, null);  
        }

        TextView titleTV = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.title);
        TextView textTV = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.text);
        CheckBox markedCB = (CheckBox) convertView.findViewById(R.id.mark);

        titleTV.setText(item.getKey());
        textTV.setText(item.getText());
        markedCB.setChecked(itemt.getMarked());

        return convertView;         
     }
}
 }

Save the following as custom_layout

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<LinearLayout 
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="horizontal">


     <CheckBox
       android:id="@+id/mark"
       android:layout_width="wrap_content"
       android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <TextView
       android:id="@+id/title"
       android:layout_width="wrap_content"
       android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

        <TextView
       android:id="@+id/text"
       android:layout_width="wrap_content"
       android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

</LinearLayout>

You create always a new adapter, that's not a good method. Use instead clear() and add(): Docu

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Use Intent to pass data from one activity to another, you cannot directly access fields that are not there in your current view

Intent mIntent = new Intent(this, NewActivity.class);
mIntent .putExtra("CheckBox1", isChecked1);
mIntent .putExtra("CheckBox2", isChecked2);
mIntent .putExtra("stringRef", "Some more data");
startActivity(mIntent); 

To recieve the values in new Activity.

    Intent intent = getIntent();
        if (intent != null) {
        String toGetSomeData = intent.getStringExtra("stringRef");
        boolean checkbox1 = intent.getBooleanExtra("CheckBox1", false); // false is default value
    }

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in the following way i done and my problem solved.

                 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.edit_layout);
    edittext=(EditText)findViewById(R.id.device_text);
    light=(ToggleButton)findViewById(R.id.light);
    alarm=(ToggleButton)findViewById(R.id.alarm);
    db = new DataBaseAdapter(this);

     Intent i = getIntent();


       if(i.hasExtra("Dname"))
             val = i.getStringExtra("Dname");


       if(i.hasExtra("Dlight"))
       slight=i.getStringExtra("Dlight");
       blight=Boolean.valueOf(slight);


       if(i.hasExtra("Dalarm"))
       salarm=i.getStringExtra("Dalarm");
       balarm=Boolean.valueOf(balarm);

       Log.v("___EDIT CLASS____________", "__LIGHT TEXT_____________"+slight);
       Log.v("_____EDIT CLASS_____________", "___ALARM TEXT____________"+salarm);

       Log.v("___EDIT CLASS____________", "__LIGHT boolean_____________"+blight);
       Log.v("_____EDIT CLASS_____________", "___ALARM boolean____________"+balarm);


//  edittext.setText(val);
    if(i.hasExtra("Daddress"))
        pos=i.getStringExtra("Daddress");
  Log.v("___________edittext", "_______________"+edittext.getText());
  Log.v("__________address", "_______________"+pos);


  db.open();

  db.insertData(pos,val,slight,salarm);

     c = db.getData();
     edittext.setText(val);
     light.setText(slight);
    // light.setChecked(blight);
     alarm.setText(salarm);
     //alarm.setChecked(balarm);
     if(slight.equalsIgnoreCase("on"))
     {
         light.setChecked(true);
     }
     else

     {
         light.setChecked(false);
     }
     if(salarm.equalsIgnoreCase("on"))
     {
         alarm.setChecked(true);
     }
     else

     {
         alarm.setChecked(false);
     }

db.close(); }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed(){
        //saveData();
        db.open();
        c=db.getData();

        if (c.moveToFirst()) {
            do {

                   // slight=light.setClickable(true);
                    //salarm= String.valueOf(balarm); 

                    Log.v("_______BACK PRESSED", "______UUID___________"+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("uuid")));
                    Log.v("_______pos", "______UUID___________"+pos);
                    String strSQL = "UPDATE DeviceDetails SET devicename ='"+ edittext.getText().toString() +"'  WHERE uuid = '"+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("uuid"))+"'" ;
                    db.select(strSQL);
                    Log.v("___QUERY ", "_________________"+db.select(strSQL));
                    slight=light.getText().toString();
                    salarm=alarm.getText().toString();
                    Log.v("___EDIT CLASS____________", "__SLIGHT ___AFTER__________"+slight);
                    Log.v("_____EDIT CLASS_____________", "___SALARM ___AFTER_________"+salarm);

                    if(pos.equalsIgnoreCase(c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("uuid"))))
                    {
                    db.updateData(pos, edittext.getText().toString(),slight,salarm);
                    }
                    /*Log.v("_______BACK PRESSED", "______UUID___________"+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("uuid")));
                    Log.v("_______cccccc", "______devicename___________"+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("devicename")));
                    Log.v("______EDIT IN DB", "______LIGHT___________"+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("light")));
                    Log.v("______EDIT IN DB", "______ALARM___________"+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("alarm")));
            */
            /*  Log.v("______device_____text", "_______________"+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("devicename")));
                Log.v("___________edittext", "_______________"+edittext.getText().toString());
                Log.v("_____ADDRESS______edittext", "_______________"+pos);
            */    Intent intent=new Intent();
                intent.putExtra("Dname", edittext.getText().toString());
                Log.v("_____edittext in intent________", "__________"+edittext.getText().toString());
                intent.putExtra("Daddress",pos);
                Log.v("_____edittext in intent________", "__________"+pos);
                intent.putExtra("Dlight", slight);
                intent.putExtra("Dalarm", salarm);
                setResult(RESULT_OK, intent);
                finish();
            /*  Log.v("_______EDIT IN DB", "______devicename___________"+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("devicename")));
                Log.v("______EDIT IN DB", "______LIGHT___________"+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("light")));
                Log.v("______EDIT IN DB", "______ALARM___________"+c.getString(c.getColumnIndex("alarm")));
        */
            } while (c.moveToNext());
        }

    db.close();

    super.onBackPressed();
    }   

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